Previously we called hess_mat (vector-mode second derivatives) with the
canonical basis vectors, and then rotated the resulting matrix.
This is wasteful, as more directions are used than necessary.
This patch uses the minimal number of directions.

[[Imported from SVN: r9818]]

This almost halves the assembly time for the Hesse matrix.  Nice!
Nevertheless I still keep the scalar-mode code around, hidden
behind and #ifdef.  Higher-order vector-mode in ADOL-C appears
to be not quite as reliable as the rest, so I want to be able to
easily compare results with the scalar code.

Also, unlike the scalar code, the vector-mode one again computes
the full Hessian in the surrounding Euclidean space.  Only afterwards,
that full Hessian is multiplied by the tangent space basis vectors
to obtain a Hesse matrix on the tangent space.  To obtain better
efficiency one could have ADOL-C compute the Hessian in the tangent
directions directly.  However, ADOL-C sometimes segfaults... when
doing that.

[[Imported from SVN: r9815]]

Newer versions of ADOL-C do not define 'overwrite' anymore, hence there
is no risk of macro clashing.

[[Imported from SVN: r9798]]

Instead, only let ADOL-C evaluate the Hessian in the directions
of the vectors of the orthonormal frames.  The result is the same,
but we get away with fewer calls to ADOL-C, which, in my Cosserat
shell example, shaves off about 10% of the assembly time.

[[Imported from SVN: r9779]]

[[Imported from SVN: r9572]]

[[Imported from SVN: r9571]]

Because the gradient is needed anyway when computing the Hesse matrix.
Not computing it separately a second time shaves off about 8% wall time
of each iteration.

[[Imported from SVN: r9555]]

The Weingarten map is block-diagonal for a product space.

[[Imported from SVN: r9517]]

[[Imported from SVN: r9422]]

[[Imported from SVN: r9415]]

Because it may contain a projection onto the manifold, which
is part of the energy evaluation if we view the energy as
being defined on all of R^n (as ADOL-C does).

[[Imported from SVN: r9414]]

Not actually working yet, though.

[[Imported from SVN: r9412]]

[[Imported from SVN: r9395]]